Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a sleep disorder characterised by uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them. These sensations are often described as tingling, crawling, itching, or aching, and they typically occur when at rest, particularly in the evening or night. Moving the legs provides temporary relief from the discomfort.

RLS can disrupt sleep and lead to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, resulting in daytime fatigue and sleepiness. The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain medical conditions, such as iron deficiency, peripheral neuropathy, or kidney failure, can exacerbate RLS symptoms.

Treatment for RLS aims to reduce the discomfort and improve sleep quality. Lifestyle changes that may help and avoiding substances like caffeine and nicotine, which can worsen symptoms. If an underlying condition is contributing to RLS, addressing and managing that condition may alleviate symptoms.

Medications can be prescribed to manage RLS symptoms. The choice of medication depends on the severity of symptoms and individual factors, and it is typically determined in consultation with a neurologist.